Our industry milestones include the first highpressure compressors for ammonia and urea plants, the most powerful compressors for offshore applications over 30,000 hp and reinjection compressors with delivery pressures as high as. Control optimization for multiple gas turbine driven. Development of a centrifugal compressor is presented, with a general description of equipment, methods, and special problems met during the tests. Additionally, timing of the compressor esd signal, the fuel gas shutoff signal, fuel gas manifold size in the case of gas turbine drivers, power train inertia, and the compressor s aerodynamic characteristics close to the surge point, all contribute to the complexity of the problem 11,12,16,17. The downside to this approach is that two turbomachines are coupled and must operate at. Gas turbine driven compressor systems are often employed because they can often employ process gas as fuel, neglecting the need for high wattage electrical requirements from the grid. In a real gas turbine, mechanical energy is changed irreversibly due to internal friction and turbulence into pressure and thermal energy when the gas is compressed in either a centrifugal or axial compressor. Centrifugal compressors are usually either gas turbine or electric motor driven, although in downstream applications, steam turbines or turboexpanders may be used. The key difference between such compressors and pumps is that the compressor working fluid is a gas compressible and the pump working fluid is liquid incompressible. In this paper, a case study is presented based on field testing performed on the compressors and gas turbine drivers of six units at a gas compression station. Centrifugal compressors are used to power gas turbine engines used in jet. Normally, the plant uses natural gas fuel at supply line pressure and the two compressors are on idled standby. Only on rare occasions can electric, steam or deisel oil drives compete with natural gas as compressor fuel in. This paper describes the efforts required to operate two steam turbine driven centrifugal natural gas compressors at significantly reduced rotative speeds.
Process gas centrifugal compressors ingersoll rand. However, since the advent of excel, the process of curvefitting has become much simpler. Gas turbine driven compressor delivered by antonov, ongc. Pdf control concepts for centrifugal compressor applications. Performance assessment of gas turbine driven centrifugal. Compressor and classification of compressor operation. As always a very informative, albeit this time misinterpreted, response to further clarify i was asking if there were any flying examples of engines that have both a centrifugal compressor and a centrifugal turbine. Regardless of location, an efficient delivery of gas to the plants turbines is instrumental if productivity is to be maintained in this process. Solars c16 centrifugal gas compressors work in all singlebody and tandem midstream and upstream oil and gas applications using our gas turbines or electric motor drives.
The titan gas turbine twoshaft for compressor and mechanical drive applications is designed to deliver a simplecycle thermal efficiency of 36 percent. Integrally geared centrifugal compressors represent the latest technology. Engineered using innovative inhouse technology, the zh centrifugal air compressor is the result of years of experience in the design of oilfree air compressors. Driving centrifugal compressor technology brochure atlas copco. Heat is added in the combustion chamber and the specific volume of the gas increases, accompanied by a slight loss in pressure. Natural gas is used to power a 420 mw combined cycle cogeneration plant. Model yst steamturbine drive centrifugal liquid chillers. As gas turbines operate in a continuous thermodynamic cycle, they have a higher power density than other types of internal combustion engines. What is the difference between gas compressor and gas turbine. The instability is characterized by large limit cycle oscillations in compressor.
A method to automatically determine a turbo map, when the turbo is in. Optimization of fuel consumption in compressor stations. The gas turbines manufactured by ge energy have features that make them particularly suitable for pipeline compressor applications. Online adaptation of performance maps for centrifugal gas.
Explore solar turbines has delivered over 6500 compressors around the world for a variety of applications with best in class efficiencies. Nonetheless, field test results have significant implication for the compressor and gas turbine manufacturers and their customers. While the majority of natural gas field and transmission compressors are reciprocating machines, a sizable minority are centrifugal compressors driven by gas turbines. A combustion chamber or area, called a combustor, in between 1. Centrifugal compressors an overview sciencedirect topics. Modeling and control of surge and rotating stall in compressors. Typical operating speeds for centrifugal compressors in gas transmission applications are about 14,000 rpm for 3700 kw units and 8000 rpm for 15,000 kw units. Gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors are broadly employed in the oil and gas industry for semiconstant or variable compression duty applications as depicted in figure 1. Generally centrifugal compressors are limited to two stages due to efficiency concerns. Matching centrifugal compressors with gas turbines. The objective of the research and development program reported by this paper was to decrease the specific fuel consumption of a small gas turbine engine by means of an increase in pressure ratio alone. The types of gas turbines that most often include centrifugal compressors.
The tcu includes a centrifugal or axial compressor, steam turbine drive, instrumentation and amcs. Centrifugal compressors are also similar to centrifugal pumps of the style shown in the adjacent figures. There are mainly 2 ways to input mechanical power i. Kawasaki centrifugal compressor kawasaki heavy industries. Application of a 5500 rpm high speed induction motor and drive in a 7000 hp natural gas compressor installation. Centrifugal compressors for such uses may be one or multistage and driven by large gas turbines. Solar offers reliable and versatile natural gas centrifugal compression for oil and gas production applications that deliver bestinclass performance. Control concepts for centrifugal compressor applications rainer kurz, solar turbine s incorporated, matt lubomirsk y, solar turbines incorporated, sidne y santos, at work rio engineering and. Development of a novel gas turbine driven centrifugal. The reason for this is that if the gas turbine starts, the compressor has to supply fuel gas to the gas turbine as soon as possible. Semiconstant duty services tend to fall between two operational extremes of either a narrow speed range or which operate over a narrow flow range and power.
Tutorial on modeling of gas turbine driven centrifugal. Turbocompressor units with the steamturbine driven. Field testing of gas turbine compressor packages requires the accurate determination of efficiency, flow, head, power, and fuel flow in sometimes less than ideal working environments. Ge energys pipeline centrifugal compressor line complements its gas turbine line to optimize matching with the gas turbine driver resulting in perfectly integrated gas turbine compressor units. Centrifugal compressors are commonly used when the flow rate is. A compressor including centrifugal compressor needs mechanical power at inlet as driving power to convert it into pressure energy. Gas enter compressor through suction nozzle 1 at ps p1 measured as total pressure and become p2 as static pressure in isentropic.
Many gas compressor stations use multiple gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors. A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of continuous combustion, internal combustion engine. Gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors hydrocarbon. He has authored several papers on hydrocarbon testing of compressors, presented a tutorial on testing at the 34 th turbomachinery symposium as well as being a presenter of various short courses on testing of centrifugal compressors. Navy, and in other applications where minimal downtime is a. Cfd, fluid pipeline modeling and simulation, gas physical properties, gas turbines. Why do we use a turbine for centrifugal compressor driven. Gas turbine driven compressor delivered by antonov, ongc india motor driven compressor for fpso, ptsc vietnam triple tandem arranged gas turbine driven. Objective this research work is focused to designing the efficient centrifugal compressor and radial inflow turbine considering real gas behaviour of sco 2 working fluid for 30 kwe power generation. One of the most important considerations in starting such a direct drive system is the complete closing off of the air intake to the driven compressor and the design of an annular valve to perform this duty is described.
Gas turbine driven gas compressor provides decades of reliable power source overview as the first industrial enduser of the ase series aeroderivative gas turbine, pakistan oilfields has been operating two ase40 engines on a continuous duty compressor drive application since 1979. A gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that converts heat energy of the fuel into mechanical energy via three main elements a compressor, combustor and turbine. Lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof. Advanced control technique of centrifugal compressor for complex gas compression processes by. Model yst steam turbine drive centrifugal liquid chillers design level f. Online adaptation of performance maps for centrifugal gas compressors. First the estimation of compressor, gas turbine and combined ef. A novel compressor model is developed which, in addition to the nominal op eration. Compression systems such as gas turbines can exhibit several types of instabil. Centrifugal compressors baker hughes, a ge company. These are useful for giving a feel to more realistic results in gas turbine and joule cycle theory. It has been recently shown that the essence of these results remains true, albeit with a different. The second case study is a 1mw constantspeed motor driven natural gas compressor for a process plant.
The blades are responsible for extracting energy from the high temperature, high pressure gas produced by the combustor. Mwlevel gas turbine with a pressure ratio of approximately 11 is analyzed and optimized with a 1d aerodynamic design and modeling optimization system. Demands over the past few decades, atlas copco gas and process has built close. Gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors products.
I know theres plenty of engines with centrifugal compressors and regular axial flow turbines, but cant think of any used in airplanes with centrifugal. Design and cfd analysis of centrifugal compressor for a gas turbine blade abstract a turbine blade is the individual component which makes up the turbine section of a gas turbine. Field testing of gas turbine driven centrifugal compressor units at operational production facilities can provide valuable information about the condition of the equipment. Figure 146 centrifugal compressors have a high pressure rise per stage that can be around 8. All the equipment is developed and manufactured by close co. What is the difference between gas compressor and gas. Turbocompressor units with the steam turbine driven centrifugal compressors. The use of gas turbines as drivers with variable speed between 70% and 100% of nominal speed is widely accepted for centrifugal compressors. Compression process of gas in centrifugal compressor describes with fig. Design and cfd analysis of centrifugal compressor and. The centrifugal compressor, originally built to handle only large volumes of lowpressure gas and air maximum of 40 psig, has been developed to enable it to move large volumes of gas with discharge pressures up to 3,500 psig.
Understand your process, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each centrifugal compressor configuration, in order to choose the optimal centrifugal compressor for your application. Development of a centrifugal compressor for a small gas. High reliability and performance for natural gas, refinery, petrochemical, gtl, lng and pipeline applications. The dynamic class includes centrifugal and axial compressors. We can work on centrifugal compressors, reciprocating compressors, gas turbines, steam turbines. Analysis and improvement of a twostage centrifugal compressor. Design and cfd analysis of centrifugal compressor for a. Abstract this paper describes the fundamental performance of gas turbines and centrifugal compressors known as turbomachinery, and how to model them for pipeline simulations. For conventional centrifugal compressors, the best, more efficient method of control is by changing the speed. Driverspecific concerns with centrifugal compressors gas turbine driven. Centrifugal compressor surge, modeling and identification.
A pressure difference exists between the driving and trailing faces of an. Gas turbine driven gas compressor provides decades of. Solar turbines centrifugal gas compressor calculator. Compression process of gas in centrifugal compressor gas compression process is presented in enthalpy versus entropy chart. A fourth component is often used to increase efficiency turboprop. The challenge is to control the units such, that certain. Centrifugal compressors, sometimes called radial compressors, are a subclass of dynamic. Learn how solar offers a variety of turbines to fit your compression needs.
Sorokes dresserrand selecting a centrifugal compressor inlet pressure p1 temperature t1. The centrifugal flow compressor consists of an impeller rotor, a diffuser stator, and a compressor manifold. Fundamentals of gas turbine engines introduction the gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that uses air as the working fluid. The pressure ratio across an early riveted impeller would have only been on the order of 1. Kawasaki centrifugal compressors are designed speci. The engine extracts chemical energy from fuel and converts it to mechanical energy using the gaseous energy of the working fluid air to drive the engine and propeller, which, in turn, propel the airplane.
395 852 691 984 179 1152 288 1035 1184 777 701 1283 966 1064 228 434 707 714 133 89 17 1140 110 791 1457 708 1236 1195